Saturday, 27 December 2025

7A Do as Directed

 Chapter 6 English Honeycomb workbook 

(1) He can't be poor if he's a crook on the run.

(Use ‘unless’)

Answer:

He can’t be poor unless he is a crook on the run.

Explanation:

Unless means if not.

“He can’t be poor if…” becomes “He can’t be poor unless…”

The meaning remains the same.

 Similar Sentences:

You cannot enter the room unless you have permission.

She won’t succeed unless she works hard.


(2) Mr Mehta told us he doesn't work anywhere.

(Turn into Affirmative)

 Answer:

Mr Mehta told us that he works nowhere.

 Explanation:

Negative sentence → Affirmative sentence

doesn’t work anywhere → works nowhere

Meaning remains unchanged.

Similar Sentences:

She doesn’t like anything → She likes nothing.

He didn’t say anything → He said nothing.


(3) Seven had been quite upset about Mr Nath's gaunt appearance.

(Turn into Exclamatory)

Answer:

How upset Seven had been about Mr Nath’s gaunt appearance!

 Explanation:

Exclamatory sentences express strong emotion.

Use How / What + subject + verb.

End with an exclamation mark (!).

Similar Sentences:

She was very happy.

 → How happy she was!

The scene was beautiful.

 → What a beautiful scene it was!


(4) Mr Nath pays cash and tips well.

(Use ‘not only… but also’)

Answer:

Mr Nath not only pays cash but also tips well.

Explanation:

Not only… but also is used to add emphasis.

It connects two positive qualities or actions.

 Similar Sentences:

She is not only intelligent but also hardworking.

He not only sang but also danced beautifully.


(5) We'll have to sort out all the facts like expert detectives, so that we can trap the crook.

(Remove ‘so that’)

Answer:

We'll have to sort out all the facts like expert detectives to trap the crook.

 Explanation:

So that shows purpose.

It can be replaced with to + verb for conciseness.

Similar Sentences:

She studies hard so that she can succeed.

 → She studies hard to succeed.

He whispered so that no one could hear.

 → He whispered to avoid being heard.


 Quick Revision Table

Grammar Concept.                     Key Word / Structure

Condition.                                         unless

Negative → Affirmative.                nowhere / nothing

Exclamatory.                                    How / What

Addition & Emphasis.                     not only… but also

Purpose.                                           to + verb(suitable verb like)


Chapter 5 English Honeycomb workbook 


(1) It was not possible to go to him very often.

(Turn into Affirmative)

Answer:

It was impossible to go to him very often.

Meaning:

The sentence says that going to him frequently could not be done.

Example:

It is not possible to finish this work today.

It is impossible to finish this work today.

Rule:

Not possible → Impossible


(2) He spoke long and bitterly.

(Use “Not only … but also”)

Answer:

He spoke not only long but also bitterly.

Meaning:

He spoke for a long time and his words were full of bitterness.

Example:

She is not only intelligent but also hardworking.

He not only sang but also danced.

Rule:

Use not only before the first quality/action and but also before the second.


(3) Those boots were the best he had ever made.

(Change the Degree – Positive Degree)

Answer (Positive Degree):

No other boots he had ever made were as good as those boots.

Meaning:

Among all the boots he had made, these were the finest.

Example:

Superlative: This is the tallest building.

Positive: No other building is as tall as this.

Rule:

Best → No other … as good as

Comparative Degree:

Those boots were better than any other boots he had ever made.

Explanation (short):

best (superlative) → better than any other 


(4) How splendidly the new boots fitted!

(Turn into Assertive)

Answer:

The new boots fitted very splendidly.

Meaning:

The sentence expresses that the new boots fitted extremely well.

Examples:

Exclamatory: How beautifully she sings!

Assertive: She sings very beautifully.

Rule:

Remove How/What, change the structure into a statement, and keep the meaning same.

(5) What could you expect with his ideas?

(Turn into Negative)

Answer:

You could not expect anything with his ideas.

Meaning:

His ideas were not useful, so no good result was expected.

Examples:

Interrogative: What could he do?

Negative: He could not do anything.

Rule:

What → Not … anything


(6) When he got an order, it took him such a time.

(Turn into Simple Sentence)

Answer:

On getting an order, it took him such a time.

Meaning:

Whenever he received an order, he took a long time to complete it.

Examples:

Complex: When she saw the police, she ran away.

Simple: On seeing the police, she ran away.

Rule:

When + subject + verb → On + verb-ing

(7) He put his hand down and pressed a finger on the place.

(Turn into Simple Sentence)

Answer:

Putting his hand down, he pressed a finger on the place.

Meaning:

He lowered his hand and pressed his finger at that spot.

Examples:

Compound: She opened the door and entered the room.

Simple: Opening the door, she entered the room.

Rule:

Combine actions using verb-ing to make one simple sentence.

















Tuesday, 2 December 2025

Disaster ch-13

 5. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences:


(1) By what name is a disaster commonly known as? Disasters are also commonly known as a calamity or catastrophe.

(2) Which are man-made disasters? Man-made disasters is Fire, Industrial Accidents, Bomb-Blast, and Riots.

(3) Name any four natural disasters. Volcano,Flood, Drought,Forest-fire.

4) Which natural disasters can be forecast? Forecast of floods, tsunami, hurricane and drought is possible.

(5) Which natural disasters cannot be forecast? Earthquake, volcano, and forest fire.

(6) What is an earthquake? OR What is called an earthquake? Generally, vibrations experienced on the earth's surface is called earthquake.

(7) What is meant by a cyclone? Cyclone means Enormous atmospheric storms arise from the condition of an Imbalance in the atmosphere air pressure.

8) Due to what does a cyclone occur? Due to the conditions Imbalance in the atmospheric air pressure occurs cyclone.

(9) What is a Tsunami? OR What is called a Tsunami? Tsunami is a catastrophic wave caused by an earthquake or sea or volcanic eruption at the bottom of the ocean or by a large-scale landslide in the ocean is called a Tsunami.

(10) Which factors are responsible for floods to occur? Man-made constructions that are made. made by neglecting natural slopes, obstruction of natural drainage, is also responsible for flood.

(11) What is called a drought? Drought is a natural disaster that is destructive and leaves its bad effects for a long time.

(12) On whom are the worst effects of a disaster seen? The impact of disaster is seen more or on the poor people and needy people.

(13) How many types of traffic signs are there? Name them. There are three types of traffic signs. They are:1.Mandatory Signs, 2. Cautionary (Warning) Signs, 3.Informatory Signs

(1) What precautions should be taken during the earthquake?

If you are in a school, sit under a bench in the classroom. (2) Stay away from the electric poles and wires. (3) Listen to the news on local radio station or television for guidance. (4) Do not be scared. Do not be panicky and run. (5) Do not use the elevators to come down in a multi-storeyed building.

(2) What should be done during a cyclone?

(1) On receiving the warning of a cyclone, close all doors and windows of the house.(2) If you are in the school, do not come out of the class. (3) If you are inside a vehicle, park the vehicle away from the electric poles, tree, seashore, etc. and remain inside the vehicle only. (4) If you have taken shelter in a shelter house of a government or a non-government organization, then abide by the instructions of the managers strictly. (5) Animals should be released from their pegs (hooks); if the animals are free then they can save themselves. (6) Stand away from the electric poles, large trees, buildings, hoardings of advertisements.


Wednesday, 26 November 2025

THE SCHOOL BOY — William Blake poem with explanation

 

ðŸŒŋ THE SCHOOL BOY — William Blake



I love to rise on a summer morn,
When the birds sing on every tree;
The distant huntsman winds his horn,
And the skylark sings with me:
O what sweet company!

But to go to school in a summer morn,
O it drives all joy away;
Under a cruel eye outworn,
The little ones spend the day,
In sighing and dismay.

Ah then at times I drooping sit,
And spend many an anxious hour;
Nor in my book can I take delight,
Nor sit in learning’s bower,
Worn through with the dreary shower.

How can the bird that is born for joy,
Sit in a cage and sing?
How can a child, when fears annoy,
But droop his tender wing,
And forget his youthful spring!

O Father and Mother, if buds are nipp’d,
And blossoms blown away;
And if the tender plants are stripp’d
Of their joy in the springing day,
By sorrow and cares dismay—

How shall the summer arise in joy,
Or the summer fruits appear?


🌟 STANZA–WISE EXPLANATION

Stanza 1

“I love to rise on a summer morn…”

  • The boy loves waking up on a warm summer morning.
  • Birds sing joyfully, the huntsman blows his horn, and the skylark sings.
  • Nature feels happy, alive, and full of freedom.

Meaning:
The boy enjoys nature and feels natural happiness when he is free.


Stanza 2

“But to go to school in a summer morn…”

  • The moment he is forced to go to school, his joy disappears.
  • At school, he feels watched by a “cruel eye” (the strict teacher).
  • Children spend the day sighing, unhappy and stressed.

Meaning:
Strict schooling destroys the natural joy of children.


Stanza 3

“Ah then at times I drooping sit…”

  • He feels tired, sad, and worried at school.
  • He cannot enjoy reading or learning.
  • The school feels like a depressing place, not joyful.

Meaning:
Children cannot learn happily when they are sad, stressed, or scared.


Stanza 4

“How can the bird that is born for joy…”

  • A bird born to fly and sing cannot be happy in a cage.
  • Similarly, a child cannot be joyful if he is filled with fear.
  • His natural excitement for life disappears.

Meaning:
Children need freedom and happiness to grow, not fear or pressure.


Stanza 5

“O Father and Mother, if buds are nipp’d…”

  • If young buds are destroyed early, they cannot grow into flowers.
  • If tender plants lose joy in spring, they will grow weak.

Meaning:
If children lose their happiness in childhood, their future will be damaged.


Stanza 6

“How shall the summer arise in joy…”

  • If childhood (spring) is ruined, adulthood (summer) cannot be joyful.
  • Their future success and happiness will suffer.

Meaning:
A joyful childhood is the foundation of a joyful future.


🌟 Overall Meaning 

  • Blake says children should learn with joy, not fear.
  • Strict, joyless schooling harms the natural growth of a child.
  • Childhood is like spring—full of new energy.
  • If this joy is destroyed, the child’s whole life gets affected.

🌟 Moral of the Poem

  • Children need freedom, joy, and a friendly learning environment.
  • Pressure and strictness destroy creativity and happiness.
  • Protect childhood—it shapes the child's futu

Sunday, 16 November 2025

Quality by John Galsworthy


Author Introduction – John Galsworthy

John Galsworthy (1867–1933) was a famous English novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. He is best known for The Forsyte Saga. Galsworthy often wrote about social issues, justice, human values, and the struggles of ordinary people. His writing is simple yet powerful, and he received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1932.
 His story “Quality” highlights honesty, dedication, and the dignity of hard work.

Main Characters

The Narrator
 A loyal customer who admires the craftsmanship of the Gessler brothers.

Mr. Gessler (Elder Brother)
 A skilled bootmaker known for his perfection, honesty, and commitment to quality.

Mr. Gessler (Younger Brother)
 Equally talented, hardworking, quiet, and dedicated to making the best boots.

Modern Commercial Firms (Competitors)
 Big companies who focus on advertisement and quicker production rather than quality.
Theme of the Story

Dedication to Quality: The story celebrates true craftsmanship and the value of hard work.

Struggle Against Modern Commercialism: Skilled workers like the Gesslers suffer because large companies use marketing and mass production.

Honesty and Integrity: The Gessler brothers prioritize quality over profit, showing the importance of sincerity in work.

Human Values & Sacrifice: Their devotion is so deep that they sacrifice their health and life for their art.

Summary of “Quality”

“Quality” tells the touching story of the Gessler brothers, German bootmakers in London, who are famous for making the finest, perfectly fitting boots. They work slowly because they make everything by hand, carefully and patiently.

The narrator has been their customer since childhood. He admires their dedication and the quality of their boots, which always last long. However, the brothers face a big challenge: large commercial shops that produce boots quickly and advertise heavily. Even though the Gesslers make better boots, they cannot compete with these big companies.

The brothers work day and night, eating very little and earning very little. Their commitment to perfection becomes their greatest struggle. First, the younger brother dies from overwork. 

The elder brother continues alone, but his health declines too. Eventually, he also dies, exhausted and defeated by the commercial world.
The narrator realizes that the Gesslers’ downfall was not because of lack of skill, but because the modern business world prefers speed and advertisement over true craftsmanship. 

The story ends as a tribute to their passion, honesty, and the “quality” they dedicated their lives to.




Thursday, 9 October 2025

The Summit Within by H.P.S. Ahluwalia

 

✍️ About the Author – Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia

Full Name: Hari Pal Singh Ahluwalia

Birth: 2nd November 1936, in Himachal Pradesh, India.

Profession: Indian mountaineer, soldier, author, and social worker.

Achievements:

Mountaineering: Member of the first successful Indian expedition to Mount Everest (1965).

Reached the summit along with other Indian climbers, making India proud on the world stage.

Military Service:

Served as an officer in the Indian Army. Fought in the Indo-Pak war of 1965, where he was injured and left paralyzed from the waist down.

Author:

Wrote several inspirational books, including Higher than Everest, The Summit Within, and Eternal Himalaya.

His writings blend adventure, philosophy, and motivation.

Social Work:

After his accident, he dedicated his life to helping others with disabilities.

Founded the Indian Spinal Injuries Centre (New Delhi) to support and rehabilitate people with spinal cord injuries.

Honours & Awards:

Awarded Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri, and the Arjuna Award for his achievements in mountaineering and social service.

🌟 Why He is Special

H.P.S. Ahluwalia’s life is an example of courage, resilience, and service. Despite being paralyzed, he turned his personal struggle into a source of strength for others. Through his writings like The Summit Within, he teaches that true conquest is not of mountains, but of the self.

🌄 The Summit Within

“The Summit Within” is an autobiographical piece written by Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia, who was a member of the first successful Indian expedition to Mount Everest in 1965. After reaching the highest peak of the world, he reflects that climbing mountains is not just a physical adventure but also a spiritual and emotional experience.

He explains that external climbing (scaling mountains) and internal climbing (overcoming difficulties within oneself) are deeply connected. The real summit lies in conquering fear, doubt, and weakness. Achieving self-confidence, humility, and courage is a greater victory than climbing Everest itself.

Ahluwalia emphasizes that the struggle to climb a mountain is symbolic of life’s struggles—every obstacle we face is like a peak we must conquer.

ðŸ‘Ī Characters in the Lesson

Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia – Mountaineer, soldier, and writer. He narrates his experiences of climbing Mount Everest, along with his reflections on the inner strength and spiritual satisfaction gained through such struggles.

Importance of the Lesson

Life Lesson – Teaches that success in life is not just about external achievements but also about inner growth.

Symbolism – The mountain becomes a symbol of challenges in life.

Inspiration – Encourages readers to face difficulties with courage, discipline, and determination.

Values – Promotes humility, perseverance, self-realization, and the idea that real conquest is of the self, not just the world outside.

🌟 Importance of the Lesson 

Teaches Perseverance and Determination

The lesson shows that great achievements, like climbing Mount Everest, require courage, strong willpower, and determination.

It inspires students to keep moving forward despite hardships, just like mountaineers do while facing rocks, snow, storms, and exhaustion.

Symbolism of Life’s Struggles

The mountain is not just a physical challenge; it symbolizes the difficulties and struggles we face in life.

Just as a climber overcomes one peak after another, we too must overcome fear, doubt, and failure to achieve success.

Focus on Inner Growth

H.P.S. Ahluwalia explains that the real summit lies within us.

Conquering pride, selfishness, fear, and weakness is more important than conquering a mountain.

This idea makes the lesson deeply spiritual and philosophical.

Encourages Humility and Gratitude

Standing on the world’s highest peak made the writer feel humble in front of nature’s greatness.

The lesson reminds us that true achievement should not make us arrogant but more grateful and grounded.

Develops Confidence and Self-Belief

By showing how he conquered Everest, Ahluwalia inspires readers to believe in themselves.

He teaches that every challenge can be overcome with self-confidence and discipline.

Motivates to Face Challenges in Real Life

The essay is not only about mountaineering but also about facing life’s difficulties.

It gives courage to students and readers to climb their own “personal Everest”—whether it is studies, career goals, or personal struggles.

Promotes Spiritual Realization

The lesson highlights that material achievements are temporary, but self-realization and inner peace are lasting.

It connects physical success with spiritual satisfaction, teaching a balance between outer and inner life.

In Essence:

The lesson “The Summit Within” is important because it is not just about a mountaineer’s adventure but about the deeper meaning of life. It teaches us that the greatest conquest is not over mountains, wealth, or power, but over our own weaknesses, fears, and doubts. It inspires us to be strong, humble, determined, and spiritually aware.


Saturday, 13 September 2025

Notice Writing and samples

  Notice writing

✅ Sample 1: 

School Picnic Notice

________High School

Date: 15th September 2025

Notice

This is to inform all students of classes 6 to 10 that a school picnic is organized on 30th September 2025 (Tuesday) to Sunshine Park, Ahmedabad.

Students should report to school by 8:00 a.m. sharp and will return by 5:00 p.m..

The cost of the trip is ₹300 per student, which includes transportation and food.

Interested students should submit the amount to their class teacher by 25th September 2025.

Principal

________ High School


Sample 2: 

Meeting Notice

ABC College – Students’ Council

Date: 10th September 2025


All members of the Students’ Council are hereby informed that a meeting will be held on 18th September 2025 (Thursday) at 2:00 p.m. in the college seminar hall.

 The agenda of the meeting includes:

Planning of Annual Cultural Fest

Discussion on College Cleanliness Drive

Any other matter with the permission of the chair.

All members are requested to be present without fail.

President, Students’ Council

 ABC College


Sample 3: 

Library Rules Notice

Green Valley School Library

 Date: 12th September 2025

                                  Notice

All students are hereby informed that with immediate effect, the following library rules will be strictly enforced:

Students must return books within 15 days of issue.

Late return will attract a fine of ₹2 per day.

No food or drinks are allowed inside the library.

Silence must be maintained at all times.

Students are requested to cooperate and follow the rules for a smooth library experience.

Librarian

Green Valley School


Sample 4: 

Power Cut Notice

Sunrise Apartment Society

Date: 14th September 2025

Notice

This is to inform all residents of Sunrise Apartment that there will be a scheduled power cut on 20th September 2025 (Saturday) from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.

 The power cut is due to maintenance work by the electricity department.

 Residents are advised to plan their activities accordingly and ensure safety during this time.

We apologize for the inconvenience.

Secretary

Sunrise Apartment Society

Sample 5: 

Blood Donation Camp Notice

Helping Hands NGO

 Date: 13th September 2025

Notice

A Blood Donation Camp is being organized by Helping Hands NGO in collaboration with City Hospital on 25th September 2025 (Wednesday) at City Community Hall, Main Street, Ahmedabad from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.

 All healthy and willing individuals aged between 18 and 60 years are requested to participate and contribute to this noble cause.

Please carry a valid ID and a positive attitude.

For further details, contact: 98765 43210

Coordinator

Helping Hands NGO


Sample 6: 

Sports Day Announcement Notice

Happy Kids School

Date: 10th September 2025

Notice

We are pleased to announce that the Annual Sports Day will be held on 5th October 2025 (Sunday) at the School Ground.

The event will begin at 8:30 a.m. sharp and conclude by 2:00 p.m.

All students must come in their sports uniform and carry water bottles and snacks.

Parents are welcome to attend and cheer for the participants.

Students are requested to practice well and participate enthusiastically.

Principal

Happy Kids School


Sample 7: 

Farewell Party Notice

Sunrise English School

Date: 16th September 2025

Notice

All students of Class 8 are hereby informed that a Farewell Party for our senior students (Class 10) will be organized on 28th September 2025 (Saturday) at 2:00 p.m. in the school auditorium.

 Students are requested to come in formal dress and participate actively in the event.

 There will be games, speeches, and snacks for everyone.

Let us all make this event a memorable one for our seniors.

Class Teacher

Sunrise English School


Sample 8: 

School Cleanliness Drive Notice

Green Earth School

Date: 15th September 2025

Notice

All students of Classes 7 and 8 are informed that a Cleanliness Drive will be conducted on 22nd September 2025 (Monday) in the school campus.

 Students should come in school uniform with a pair of gloves and masks.

 The drive will start at 9:00 a.m. and end by 12:00 noon.

 Your active participation will help keep our school clean and green.

Let us join hands to make our environment better.

Headmaster

Green Earth School


✅ Sample 9: 

Art Competition Notice

Little Stars School

Date: 17th September 2025

Notice

An Art Competition is being organized for students of Classes 7 and 8 on 30th September 2025 (Tuesday) in the school art room.

Topic: “My Dream World”

Time: 11:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m.

Students are requested to bring their own colors, brushes, and drawing sheets.

The best artwork will be awarded prizes.

All creative students are encouraged to participate.

Art Teacher

Little Stars School










Wednesday, 10 September 2025

Direct Indirect

 1. What is Direct Speech?

When we quote the exact words spoken by a person, it is called Direct Speech.

The spoken words are put inside quotation marks (“ ”).

A reporting verb like say, tell, ask, reply is usually used.

Example:

 Ravi said, “I am very tired.” 

2. What is Indirect Speech?

When we report the meaning of what someone said without using their exact words, it is called Indirect Speech (Reported Speech).

No quotation marks are used.

Pronouns, verbs, and sometimes time expressions are changed.

Example:

 Ravi said that he was very tired.

3. Important Changes from Direct → Indirect

When converting, some rules must be followed:

(A) Change of Pronouns

Pronouns change according to sense (who is speaking, to whom, about whom).

 ➡ Example:

 Direct: She said, “I love my parents.”

 Indirect: She said that she loved her parents.

(B) Change of Tenses

If the reporting verb is in past tense, the tense of the reported speech usually changes.

If reporting verb is in present or future, tense doesn’t change.

📌 Rules of tense change:

Direct Speech.                        Indirect Speech

Present Simple →.               Past Simple

Present Continuous →.       Past Continuous

Present Perfect →.               Past Perfect

Past Simple →.                      Past Perfect

Past Continuous →.              Past Perfect Continuous

Future (will) →.                     would


Example:

 Direct: He said, “I am watching TV.”

 Indirect: He said that he was watching TV.

(C) Change of Time and Place Words

now → then

today → that day

tomorrow → the next day / the following day

yesterday → the previous day / the day before

here → there

Example:

 Direct: She said, “I will go tomorrow.”

 Indirect: She said that she would go the next day.

Monday, 8 September 2025

Tenses

1. Simple Present Tense

Formula:

 Subject + V1 (base form) / V1+s/es (for he/she/it)

Indicating Words:

 Always, usually, every day, sometimes, never

Examples:

Assertive: She plays cricket.

                  They play cricket.

Negative: She does not play cricket.

                 We do not play cricket.

Exclamation: How well she plays cricket!

Question: Does she play cricket?

                 Do they play badminton?

Basic Rule:

For he, she, it, add "s" to most base verbs.

Examples:

  • He plays.
  • She runs.
  • It jumps.

Rules for Adding "s" / "es" / "ies"

1. Just add "s" to most verbs:

  • play → plays
  • read → reads
  • eat → eats

2. Verbs ending in: -ch, -sh, -s, -x, -z, -o → add "es"

These endings need "es" for smooth pronunciation.

Verb                                                                +es Form

watch                                                                watches

go                                                                      goes

fix                                                                      fixes

wash                                                                  washes

buzz                                                                   buzzes

miss                                                                    misses


 3. Verbs ending in a consonant + "y" → drop "y", add "ies"

If a verb ends with a consonant + "y", change "y" to "ies".

Verb                ies Form

study                 studies

try                      tries

carry                 carries

BUT — if there's a vowel before "y", just add "s":

play → plays

enjoy → enjoys

Exceptions (Irregular Verbs):

Some verbs are irregular. Most common example:

have → has

Summary Chart:

Verb Ending                 Rule                                             Example

Most verbs                              Add s                                                             eat → eats

-ch, -sh, -s, -x, -z, -o               Add es                                                            go → goes

Consonant + y                       Change y to ies                                              try → tries

Vowel + y                               Just add s                                                       play → plays

Irregular                                Special form                                                  have → has


2. Present Continuous Tense

Formula:

Subject + am/is/are + V1+ing

Indicating Words:

 Now, at present, currently, at this moment

Examples:

Assertive: They are playing football.

Negative: They are not playing football.

Exclamation: What a game they are playing!

Question: Are they playing football?


3. Present Perfect Tense

Formula:

Subject + has/have + V3 (past participle)

Indicating Words:

 Just, already, ever, never, so far, till now

Examples:

Assertive: She has finished her homework.

                  They have finished their homework.

Negative: She has not finished her homework.

                 They have not finished their homework.

Exclamation: How well she has finished her homework!

Question: Has she finished her homework?

                  Have they finished their homework?


4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Formula:

Subject + has/have + been + V1+ing

Indicating Words:

 Since, for, all day, how long

Examples:

Assertive: He has been reading a book.

Negative: He has not been reading a book.

Exclamation: How long he has been reading a book!

Question: Has he been reading a book?


5. Simple Past Tense

Formula:

 Subject + V2 (past form of verb)

Indicating Words:

 Yesterday, last night, ago, in 1990

Examples:

Assertive: She visited Paris.

                     They visited London.

Negative: She did not visit Paris.

                    They did not finish their homework.

Exclamation: What a beautiful place she visited!

Question: Did she visit Paris?

                    Did you see the Star?


6. Past Continuous Tense

Formula:

 Subject + was/were + V1+ing

Indicating Words:

 While, when, at that time

Examples:

Assertive: I was watching TV.

Negative: I was not watching TV.

Exclamation: How interesting I was watching TV!

Question: Was I watching TV?


7. Past Perfect Tense

Formula:

 Subject + had + V3 (past participle)

Indicating Words:

 Before, after, by the time

Examples:

Assertive: They had left before I arrived.

Negative: They had not left before I arrived.

Exclamation: How quickly they had left!

Question: Had they left before you arrived?


8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Formula:

 Subject + had + been + V1+ing

Indicating Words:

 For, since, how long

Examples:

Assertive: He had been working all day.

Negative: He had not been working all day.

Exclamation: How long he had been working!

Question: Had he been working all day?


9. Future Simple Tense

Formula:

 Subject + will + V1 (base form)

Indicating Words:

 Tomorrow, next week, soon

Examples:

Assertive: I will go to the market.

Negative: I will not go to the market.

Exclamation: How soon I will go to the market!

Question: Will you go to the market?


10. Future Continuous Tense

Formula:

 Subject + will be + V1+ing

Indicating Words:

 At this time tomorrow, next week

Examples:

Assertive: They will be playing football.

Negative: They will not be playing football.

Exclamation: What a match they will be playing!

Question: Will they be playing football?


11. Future Perfect Tense

Formula:

 Subject + will have + V3 (past participle)

Indicating Words:

 By then, by that time, before

Examples:

Assertive: She will have completed the work.

Negative: She will not have completed the work.

Exclamation: How soon she will have completed the work!

Question: Will she have completed the work?


12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Formula:

 Subject + will have been + V1+ing

Indicating Words:

 For, since, by then

Examples:

Assertive: I will have been studying for 2 hours.

Negative: I will not have been studying for 2 hours.

Exclamation: How long I will have been studying!

Question: Will you have been studying for 2 hours?


Friday, 5 September 2025

74 SS Mughal Empire


𝐌υ𝗀ÉĶÎąáĨĢ ð„ę­‘Ïð—‚ð—‹ð–ū 


 
ð”ļ𝕜𝕓𝕒ð•Ģ 






Click here 👆ðŸŧ
 




74 Gujrati vehan mehta

 













āŠœāŠģāŠ•āŠŪāŠģ āŠ›ાંāŠĄી āŠœા āŠ°ે

‘āŠœāŠģāŠ•āŠŪāŠģ āŠ›ાંāŠĄી āŠœા āŠ°ે, āŠŽાāŠģા‍ ! āŠļ્āŠĩાāŠŪી āŠ…āŠŪાāŠ°ો āŠœાāŠ—āŠķે;
āŠœાāŠ—āŠķે, āŠĪāŠĻે āŠŪાāŠ°āŠķે, āŠŪāŠĻે āŠŽાāŠģāŠđāŠĪ્āŠŊા āŠēાāŠ—āŠķે.                        āŦ§

āŠ•āŠđે āŠ°ે, ‘āŠŽાāŠģāŠ• ‍! āŠĪું āŠŪાāŠ°āŠ— āŠ­ૂāŠē્āŠŊો? āŠ•ે āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠĩેāŠ°ીāŠ āŠĩāŠģાāŠĩિāŠŊો?
āŠĻિāŠķ્āŠšે āŠĪાāŠ°ો āŠ•ાāŠģ āŠœ āŠ–ૂāŠŸ્āŠŊો, āŠ…āŠđીંāŠŊા āŠĪે āŠķીāŠĶ āŠ†āŠĩિāŠŊો?’            āŦĻ

‘āŠĻāŠĨી, āŠĻાāŠ—āŠĢ ! āŠđું āŠŪાāŠ°āŠ— āŠ­ૂāŠē્āŠŊો, āŠĻāŠĨી āŠŪાāŠ°ા āŠĩેāŠ°ીāŠ āŠĩāŠģાāŠĩિāŠŊો;
āŠŪāŠĨુāŠ°ાāŠĻāŠ—āŠ°ીāŠŪાં āŠœુāŠ—āŠŸું āŠ°āŠŪāŠĪાં āŠĻાāŠ—āŠĻું āŠķીāŠķ āŠđું āŠđાāŠ°િāŠŊો.’              āŦĐ

‘āŠ°ંāŠ—ે āŠ°ૂāŠĄો, āŠ°ૂāŠŠે āŠŠૂāŠ°ો, āŠĶીāŠļંāŠĪો āŠ•ોāŠĄીāŠēો āŠ•ોāŠĄાāŠŪāŠĢો;
āŠĪાāŠ°ી āŠŪાāŠĪાāŠ āŠ•ેāŠŸāŠēા āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪ્āŠŊા, āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠĪું āŠ…āŠģāŠ–ાāŠŪāŠĢો?’              āŦŠ

‘āŠŪાāŠ°ી āŠŪાāŠĪાāŠ āŠŽેāŠ‰ āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪ્āŠŊા, āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠđું āŠĻāŠŸāŠĩāŠ° āŠĻાāŠĻāŠĄો;
āŠœāŠ—ાāŠĄ āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠĻાāŠ—āŠĻે, āŠŪાāŠ°ું āŠĻાāŠŪ āŠ•ૃāŠ·્āŠĢ āŠ•āŠđાāŠĻāŠĄો.’                   āŦŦ

                                                         āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા





Wednesday, 3 September 2025

Chivvy” by Michael Rosen std 7 Honeycomb

 Chivvy” by Michael Rosen 

✍️ About the Poet: Michael Rosen

  • Michael Rosen (born 1946) is a famous English poet, writer, and broadcaster.
  • He is best known for his children’s poetry and stories, written in a funny, playful, and realistic style.
  • His poems often reflect everyday life, childhood experiences, and the relationship between children and adults.
  • He writes in a way that children can easily connect with, often using humor and simple language.

📖 Explanation of the Poem “Chivvy”

The word “chivvy” means to nag, scold, or tell someone repeatedly what to do.

In this poem, Rosen shows how adults are always instructing, correcting, or commanding children.
The poem is written in the form of a list of instructions, such as:

  • “Pick it up, put it away.”
  • “Say please, don’t interrupt.”
  • “Stand up straight.”

🔎 Main Ideas:

  1. Constant Instructions – Children are often told what to do and what not to do, leaving them little freedom.
  2. Contradictions – Adults sometimes give confusing or opposite advice. For example: “Make up your mind, but do as I say.”
  3. Lack of Freedom – The child feels frustrated because they are not allowed to think or act independently.
  4. Irony – Adults tell children to “think for yourself” but at the same time want them to obey blindly.

🌟 Message of the Poem:

  • Michael Rosen is highlighting how children are constantly bossed around by adults.
  • The poem humorously reflects the confusion and irritation of a child, who is surrounded by endless rules.
  • It shows the need to give children space to grow, decide, and express themselves instead of always chivvying them.

✅ In short: “Chivvy” is a witty poem that mirrors the everyday nagging children face from adults, and through humor, it teaches us that children need guidance but also independence.



The last Bargain (Class 8) honeydew

 ✨ The last Bargain  (Class 8)


✍️ About the Poet: Rabindranath Tagore

Born: 7 May 1861, Kolkata, India
Died: 7 August 1941
Achievements:
First Asian Nobel laureate in Literature (1913)
Known for his poetry, short stories, plays, essays, and songs
Composed the national anthems of India (Jana Gana Mana) and Bangladesh (Amar Sonar Bangla)

Writing style: Deeply spiritual, philosophical, and often explores human emotions, life, nature, and freedom.
 
Poem
“Come and hire me,” I cried, while in the morning
I was walking on the stone-paved road.
Sword in hand the King came in his chariot.
He held my hand and said, “I will hire you with my power,”
But his power counted for naught, and he went away in his chariot. 
Word Meaning:
Stone-paved – a road, path covered with a suitable surface suitable for travel
Chariot– a carriage drawn by horses
Naught– nothing
the Poem – A man in search of work made an announcement to let people know he is available for work. As he was walking on the stone-paved road, the King came in his chariot with a sword in his hand. The King stopped and offered the man a job with his power as he held the man’s hand. But the power meant nothing to the man and thus, he refused the King’s offer. And the King went away in his carriage.
 
Poem
In the heat of the mid-day the houses stood with shut doors.
I wandered along the crooked lane.
An old man came out with his bag of gold.
He pondered and said, “I will hire you with my money.”
He weighed his coins one by one, but I turned away.
Word Meaning:
Crooked– not straight
Pondered– think about something carefully, especially before making a decision or reaching a conclusion
The Poem – It was now midday and everyone was in their houses with the doors shut due to the heat. As the man roamed around during that time along the not-so-straight pathway, he received an offer from an old man. The old man offered to hire him with money as he counted his gold coins one by one. The man turned the old man’s offer away as he was not satisfied with it.
 
Poem
It was evening. The garden hedge was all a flower.
The fair maid came out and said, “I will hire you with a smile.”
Her smile paled and melted into tears, and she went back alone into the dark.
Word Meaning:
Hedge– a fence or boundary formed by closely growing bushes or shrubs
A flower– flowering; in bloom
Fair maid- a young unmarried woman
Paled– (here) fade; diminish; lessen 
The Poem – It was now evening when the man was near a garden fence covered with flowers. It was only then that a young woman offered to hire him with her smile but her smile faded away and tears started coming from her eyes. Thus, she went into the dark all alone. Her happiness was just sorrow in disguise.
 
Poem
The sun glistened on the sand, and the sea waves broke waywardly.
A child sat playing with shells.
He raised his head and seemed to know me and said, “I hire you with nothing.”
From henceforward that bargain struck in child’s play made me a free man.
Word Meaning:
Glistened– shine with a sparkling light
Waywardly– difficult to control or predict
The Poem – The sun rays fell on the sand as waves began to arise. He saw a child playing with shells at the seashore. The child looked at the man with a sense of recognition and familiarity as he offered to hire him with nothing. The man accepted the bargain and indulged himself in child’s play because it made him a free man as he worked in exchange for nothing. 

Std-7 English Ch-4 The Ashes That Made Trees Bloom

 

Std-7 English Ch-4

The Ashes That Made Trees Bloom

1: Title Slide

Title: The Ashes That Made Trees Bloom

Subtitle: Class 7 English – Honeycomb (NCERT)

Image: Cherry blossoms / Old Japanese countryside

Your name, class, subject

 2: About the Author

The story is a Japanese folktale (not written by a single modern author).

Passed down through generations in Japan.

Retold in English in Japanese Fairy Tales by William Elliot Griffis.

Highlights:

Japanese culture

Values of honesty, kindness, and hard work

3: Main Characters

Old Man:

Kind, honest, hardworking rice farmer

Loves and cares for his pet dog like a child

Old Woman (his wife):

Gentle, caring, treats the dog with affection

The Dog (Muko):

Loyal, loving, helps his master find treasure

Spirit returns after death to guide the couple

Greedy Neighbours:

Cruel, jealous, and greedy

Mistreat the dog and suffer punishment

 4: Introduction of the Story

An old, childless couple had a pet dog named Muko.

They treated it like their own child.

The dog was loyal and followed the old man everywhere.

The couple was kind to animals and nature.

 5: Rising Action

One day, the dog guided the old man to a spot.

Digging there, the old man found treasure.

The greedy neighbors tried the same but found only dirt and foul things.

Out of jealousy, they killed the poor dog.

 6: Climax

The old man and woman were heartbroken.

The dog’s spirit appeared in dreams, guiding them:

To make a mortar from the dog’s remains → produced gold.

Later turned to ashes → had magical power to make cherry trees bloom.

7: Falling Action

The greedy neighbors tried to use the mortar and ashes.

Instead of gold, they got filth.

Instead of blooming trees, they withered.

As punishment, they were disgraced.

8: Visual Summary

Flowchart / Diagram:

Old couple → love dog → treasure → neighbors greedy → dog killed → dog spirit helps → ashes bloom trees → greedy punished.

Detailed Summary

This Japanese folk tale is about a kind old couple and their pet dog, contrasting their good-heartedness with the greed of their neighbors.

1. The Kind Old Couple and Their Dog

An old man and his wife lived in a village. They were childless but loved their pet dog, Muko, like their own child.

They were hardworking, honest, and kind to everyone.

One day, Muko started barking and guiding his master to a spot in the garden.

Trusting the dog, the old man dug there and found a treasure of gold and silver.

The couple became wealthy but remained humble and generous, sharing with neighbors.

2. The Greedy Neighbors

A mean and greedy old man and his wife lived nearby.

They borrowed the dog, hoping it would lead them to treasure.

But Muko only led them to a spot with foul-smelling dirt.

Angry, they beat the dog cruelly, and tragically, the poor dog died.

The kind couple was heartbroken but still loved the dog even in death. They buried him under a pine tree.

3. The Spirit of the Dog

One night, Muko’s spirit appeared in a dream to the kind old man.

The dog asked him to cut down the pine tree (over his grave) and make a mortar and pestle from its wood.

The old man obeyed, and soon, when he used the mortar, rice turned into gold coins and other precious things.

The greedy neighbors again borrowed it, but when they tried, all that came out was worms and foul things.

In anger, they broke the mortar and burnt it.

4. The Ashes That Made Trees Bloom

Once again, the dog’s spirit appeared to the kind old man in a dream.

The spirit told him to collect the ashes of the burnt mortar and sprinkle them on withered trees.

When he did, the dead trees bloomed beautifully with flowers.

The fame of the kind old man spread everywhere, and even the king heard about the miracle.

The king invited him to try it in his palace garden.

When the old man sprinkled the ashes, the cherry trees bloomed magnificently.

The king was so impressed that he rewarded the old man with riches and honor.

5. Punishment of the Greedy Neighbors

The greedy neighbor tried to copy this, pretending to scatter ashes on trees before the king.

But instead of blooming, the ashes blew into the king’s eyes.

Furious, the king punished the greedy man, and he was driven away in disgrace.

Moral of the Story

Kindness, honesty, and compassion always bring blessings.

Greed, cruelty, and dishonesty l

ead to downfall and punishment.

True wealth comes from good deeds, not from selfish desires.


STD-7 Ch-3 “The Shed” poem

 

STD-7 Ch-3 

“The Shed” poem 


✍️ About the Author – Frank Flynn (1906–1984)

Frank Flynn was an Australian poet, doctor, and missionary.

He often wrote poems for children with simple words, strong imagery, and hidden moral lessons.

His works encourage curiosity, courage, and truth-seeking.

📖 About the Poem – “The Shed”

The poem describes an old shed near the poet’s house.

It looks dark, dusty, and a little scary with spider webs, broken window panes, and creaky door hinges.

The poet has a strong desire to explore the shed, but at the same time, he feels fear because of the stories told by his brother (like ghosts inside).

In the end, the poet decides to be brave and explore the shed someday, showing a shift from fear to courage.

📝 Summary of the Poem

The poet talks about an old shed at the bottom of the garden. Its door creaks and looks frightening, and it seems someone is inside.

He describes the broken window panes and dusty spider webs, which make the shed look haunted.

His brother warns him that a ghost lives inside, but the poet senses it’s just to stop him from entering.

Though he feels scared, his curiosity is stronger than fear, and he decides that one day he will gather the courage to go inside.

🌟 Central Idea / Theme

The poem highlights fear of the unknown and the courage to overcome it.

It shows that many of our fears are imaginary and once we face t

hem, they disappear.


Tuesday, 2 September 2025

20 mark Gk Test 7A

 Fill the following blanks. 

 (Amartya Sen, C. V. Rumun, Subramanyam Chandrashekhar, Rabindranath Tagore,Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Hargobind Khorana, Mother Teresa)

1. ________________ was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. 

2.________________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1979. 

3.________________was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology (Medicine) in 1968. 

4.________________was awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1998. 

5. ________________was awarded the Nobel prize for physics in 1983.

6.________________was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2009. 

7. ________________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930.


Test – Famous Founders


Column A

Column B

1. Buddhism. a) Swami Vivekanand

2. Christianity. b) Guru Nanak

3. Jainism. C ) Rabindranath Tagore

4. Sikhism d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

5. Zoroastrianism. e) Jesus Christ

6. Ramakrishna Mission f) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

7. Arya Samaj

g) Zoroaster

8. Brahmo Samaj

h) Vardhaman Mahavir

9. Shantiniketan

i) Gautam Buddha

10. Banaras Hindu University

j) Madan Mohan Malaviya







7A Do as Directed

  Chapter 6 English Honeycomb workbook  (1) He can't be poor if he's a crook on the run. (Use ‘unless’) Answer : He can’t be poor un...