Mughal Empire
5. Answers the following questions in one or two sentences:
(1)When and between whom was the 1st battle of Panipat fought?
The 1st battle of Panipat was fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi on 20th April, 1526 AD.
(2) Who are included, in, Mughal rulers? Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb are included in Mughal rulers.
(3) With whom did Humayun fight the battle?
Humayun fought the battle with the Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat and the powerful ruler Sher Shah of Bihar.
(4) Why did Humayun escape to Iran?
Sher Shah defeated Humayun in the battle of Kannauj. He lost his empire, so he escaped to Iran.
(5) Which highway did Sher Shah built? Sher-shah built a highway called 'Grand Trunk Road’ which connected Bengal and North India.
(6) Which architectures did Sher Shah build?
Sher Shah built a tomb in Sasaram and a mosque in Delhi.
(7) When was the second battle of Panipat fought?
The second battle of panipat was fought in 1556 AD between Akbar and Hemu. Akbar was Victorious in that battle.
(8) When was the battle of Haldighati fought? Between whom? What was its result?
The battle of Haldighati was fought in 1576 AD between Akbar and Rana Pratap of Merwar. Akbar was Victorious and Rana Pratap was defeated in that battle
(9) With whom did Akbar start social relations? How?
Akbar Started social relations with the Rajputs by adopting a liberal Policy towards the Hindus. He appointed the Rajputs to the high positions in the army.
(10) Which era did Akbar begin?
Akbar began the era of social tolerance.
(11) Which art flourished a lot during Jahangir's rule? Why?
The art of paintings flourished a lot during Jahangir's rule because Jahangir himself was a great painter.
(12) Who built the world famous Taj Mahal? In whose memory?
Shah built the world famous Taj Mahal in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
(13) Why did a fierce civil war break out amongst the sons of Shah Jahan?
Taking advantage of Shah Jahan's illness, there was a fierce Civil war amongst the Sons Of Shah Jahan for domination over the Mughal empire.
(14) Of what was Aurangzeb against? Aurangzeb was against of music, idol worship and religions festivals.
(15) Who was Veer Durgadas Rathod? Veer Durgadas Rathod was the son of Ashkaran Rathod, the minister of ruler Jaswant Singh.
(16) Where and when was Chhatrapati Shivaji born? Chhatrapati Shivaji was born in Shivneri fort in Maharashtra in 1627 AD.
(17) Write the names of Shivaji's parents. Shivaji's mother's name was Jijabai and his father's name was Shahaji.
(18) By whom was Shivaji greatly influenced? Shivaji was greatly influenced by his guru Swami Ramdas and Dadaji (grandfather) Kondder.
(19) What arrangement did Shivaji make for the efficient administration of the state?
Shivaji Conquered more than 40 forts to expand the great Maratha Kingdom from a small state, He was also an efficient administrator and a great Organiser. His Cabinet was known as Asta Pradhan
mandal.
(20) What was the rate of revenue in the Mansabdari system?
The revenue rate was one third part of the annual produced.
(21) What is the meaning of Mansab? ManSab means Jagir and Mansabdaar was considered as the Chief of the Jagir.
(22) Which age is the time of Shah Jahan considered?
From 1627-1658 AD, this Shah Jahan age is considered the time of
(23) Name the great musician-singer at the time of Akbar.
Tansen Was the great musician - Singer at the time of Akbar.
(24) Name the painter of Jahangir.
There was a world famous painter named Mansoor in Jahangir's court. (He was a bird-painter) The name of the other painter of Jahangir was Abul Hasan.
6. Answer the following questions in three sentences:
(1 ) How can it be said that Akbar was a secular king?OR
Give reason: Akbar was a secular king. He brought together the best elements of all religions and established a Sect called "Din-e-Ilahi'. He translated great texts like Ramayan, Mahabharat, Atharva Ved, Panchtantra, Bible, Quran into Persian.
(2) How can it be said that Akbar was a social reformer?OR
Give reason: Akbar was a social reformer.
He opposed Child marriages and Sati pratha, He abolished pilgrim taxes and banned forced religious conversions. He began an era of Social tolerance.
(3) How did Aurangzeb seize power on the throne of Delhi?
Taking the advantage of shah Jahan's ill health, a fierce civil war broke amongst his sons. Aurangzeb defeated his three brothers. One by one, Killed Dara Shikoh and sent Murad in Jail. He himself took up the throne and seized power on the throne of Delhi.
(4) What did Rana Pratap do after being defeated Haldighati in 1576 AD?
After the defeat of Haldighati in 1576 AD. Rana Pratap took the Capital to Gogunda and continued fighting till the end. Later on, he made the chawand of Durgapur as his capital.
(5) Which architectures did Akbar build? Akbar built the fort of Agra and made unique construction at Fatehpur Sikri, 36 km from Agra, These include Buland Darwaza, Salim Chishti Dargah, Mosque and Panchmahal built in memory of his Victory over Gujarat.
(6) In which book has Abul Fazl written a biography of Akbar? Which text did he translate?
Abul Fazd has written a biography of Akber namely "Akbarnama” He translated the Mahabharata. A lot of literature based on the life of Lord Krishna was written in Indian languages,
(7) Who composed devotional literature in the Mughal period?
The Mughal emperors were the patrons of literature. Eknath, Gyaneshwar and Swami Ramdas Composed devotional literature in Marathi. During that period, extensive literature was created in Persian, Arabic, Hindi and other
Indian
7. Write four-five sentences five sentences on each:
Introduction:
(1) Babur:
Babur (1526 A.D - 1530 A.D) :
Babur was an intelligent and powerful warrior.
He was fluent in Persian and Arabic, a nature lover and a writer.
He wrote the autobiography 'Tuzuk-i-Baburi' (Baburnama), a famous work of world literature.
Invited by Indian nobles to fight Ibrahim Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi.
Defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat (1526) → established Mughal rule in India.
(2) Akbar:
As a ruler Akbar holds a significant place in the history of India.
He was born in 1542 AD, in the home of a Hindu Rajput ruler in Amarkot.
He became Mughal emperor of Delhi at the age of 14.
After the death of Humayun Second battle of Panipat took place between Akbar and Hemu. It was won by Akbar.
He was a Secular King.
(3) Shah Jahan:
(4) Maharana Pratap:
Maharana Pratap was the ruler of Mewar who fought against Akbar of the Mughal empire. As Akbar attacked Mewar, the battle of Haldighati took place between Akbar and Maharana Pratap.
Akbar was victorious, but Maharana Pratap established his power in the Udaipur.
He continued the guerilla warfare.
After the defeat of Haldighati in 1576 A.D Rana Pratap took the capital to Gogunda and continued fighting till the end.
He made Chawand of Dungarpur as his capital. He died at the age of 51.
(5) Chatrapati Shivaji
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaja was the great king and the founder of the Maratha empire.
He was born in 1627 or 1630 A.D in Shivneri (Maharashtra). Shivaji, the son of Jijabai and Shahaji, was influenced by his guru Samarth Ramdas and Dadaji-Konddev.
He conquered more than 40 forts to expand the great Maratha kingdom from a small estate. He fought with the Aurangzeb and Adilshah of Bijapur and finally achieved victory.
After his defeat he signed a treaty in 1665 AD Aurangzeb even imprisoned him, but he escaped and fought back and won.
He was coronated in 1674 A.D at Rajgarh and rose to prominence as a Hindu emperor.
He was also an efficient administrator and a great organiser. His cabinet was known as Astha pradhanmandal. He died in 1680 A.D.
8. Answers the following questions:
(1) Give the information of any three examples of Mughal architectures.
Babur set up gardens in Agra and Lahore. Shershah built a tomb at Sasaram and a mosque at Delhi. Akbar built the fort of Agra and made a unique Construction at Fatehpur Sikri, 36 km from Agra. The time of Shahjahan is considered to be the golden age of architecture of the Mughal empire. He built the world famous Taj Mahal and Moti Masjid in Agra as well as the famous red fort in Delhi.
(2) State any live retorns done by Sher Shah.
Sher Shah was a reformer and a just ruler. He established peace in the kingdom by controlling bandits and robbers. He established a new posted system. He built inns for traders and Pilgerines and introduced a new postal System. He built inns for pilgrims, introduced the currency of the rupee and formed a huge army.
9. Write a short note:
The religious policy of Akbar:
Akbar adopted a liberal religious policy towards the Hindus and started Social relations with the Rajputs.
He appointed the Rajputs to high positions in the army. The Rajputs also helped him a lot with their bravery and adventure in conquering India.
He was a Secular King. He brought together the best elements of all religions and established a Sect Called Din-e-Ilahi, He translated great texts like Ramayana Mahabharata, Atharvaved, Panchtantra and Bible and Quran into Persian.
Akbar was a Social reformer. He opposed child marriages and Sati. They abolished pilgrim taxes and banned forced religious conversions. He began the era of Social tolerance.
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