Active and Passive Voice
1. Simple Present Tense
Active: Subject + Verb (V1) + Object
Passive: Object + is/are + V3 + by Subject
๐ Example:
Active: The teacher teaches the students.
Passive: The students are taught by the teacher.
2. Present Continuous Tense
Active: Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + Object
Passive: Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by Subject
๐ Example:
Active: She is reading a book.
Passive: A book is being read by her.
3. Present Perfect Tense
Active: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object
Passive: Object + has/have + been + V3 + by Subject
๐ Example:
Active: They have completed the project.
Passive: The project has been completed by them.
4. Simple Past Tense
Active: Subject + V2 + Object
Passive: Object + was/were + V3 + by Subject
๐ Example:
Active: The boy ate an apple.
Passive: An apple was eaten by the boy.
5. Past Continuous Tense
Active: Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + Object
Passive: Object + was/were + being + V3 + by Subject
๐ Example:
Active: She was writing a letter.
Passive: A letter was being written by her.
6. Past Perfect Tense
Active: Subject + had + V3 + Object
Passive: Object + had + been + V3 + by Subject
๐ Example:
Active: They had finished the work.
Passive: The work had been finished by them.
7. Simple Future Tense
Active: Subject + will + V1 + Object
Passive: Object + will be + V3 + by Subject
๐ Example:
Active: She will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by her.
8. Future Continuous Tense
Active: Subject + will be + V1 + ing + Object
Passive: Object + will be + being + V3 + by Subject
๐ Example:
Active: They will be building a house.
Passive: A house will be being built by them.
⚡ (Note: Rarely used in passive)
9. Future Perfect Tense
Active: Subject + will have + V3 + Object
Passive: Object + will have been + V3 + by Subject
๐ Example:
Active: She will have completed the task.
Passive: The task will have been completed by her.
10. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Active: Subject + has/have been + V1 + ing + Object
Passive: (Not commonly used in passive voice)
⚡ Usually avoided, but can be expressed in special cases.
11. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Active: Subject + had been + V1 + ing + Object
Passive: (Not commonly used in passive voice)
⚡ Generally avoided.
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Active: Subject + will have been + V1 + ing + Object
Passive: (Not commonly used in passive voice)
⚡ Generally avoided.
Summary Table
Tense. Active Formula. Passive Formula. Example P.
Simple Present
S + V1 + O
O + is/are + V3 + by S
The students are taught by the teacher.
Present Conti.
S + is/am/are + V1+ing + O
O + is/am/are + being + V3 + by S
A book is being read by her.
Present Perfect
S + has/have + V3 + O
O + has/have been + V3 + by S
The project has been completed by them.
Simple Past
S + V2 + O
O + was/were + V3 + by S
An apple was eaten by the boy.
Past Conti.
S + was/were + V1+ing + O
O + was/were + being + V3 + by S
A letter was being written by her.
Past Perfect
S + had + V3 + O
O + had been + V3 + by S
The work had been finished by them.
Simple Future
S + will + V1 + O
O + will be + V3 + by S
A letter will be written by her.
Future Conti.
S + will be + V1+ing + O
O + will be + being + V3 + by S
A house will be being built by them.
Future Perfect
S + will have + V3 + O
O + will have been + V3 + by S
The task will have been completed by her.
Present Perfect Conti.
(Not usually in Passive)
(Not used)
(Not usually in Passive)
(Not used)
Future Perfect Conti.
(Not usually in Passive)
(Not used)
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