Email Writing

 

📧 𝔼𝕞𝕒𝕚𝕝 𝕎𝕣𝕚𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕘  

Step 1: Email Address of Sender's and Receiver

Write the email address of the person you are sending the email to.

👉 Example: teacher@gmail.com

Step 2: Subject

Write a short line telling the purpose of the email.

👉 Example: Leave Application for One Day

Step 3: Greeting Start the email politely.

👉 Examples:

Dear Sir / Dear Madam

Dear Teacher

Dear Friend(or friend's name)

Step 4: Opening Sentence

Begin with a polite opening line.

👉 Example:

“I hope you are well.”

Step 5: Body of the Email

Write the main message clearly:

Reason for writing

Important details (date, time, request, information)

👉 Use simple and clear sentences.

Step 6: Closing Line

End the email politely.

👉 Examples:

Thank you.

Thank you for your time and support.

Step 7: Sign-off

Write a polite ending word.

Examples:

Yours sincerely

Yours faithfully

Regards

Step 8: Sender’s Name

Write your name and class.

✉️ Email Writing 

Date: 12/02/26

From:( Sender's Email ID)

To: (Receiver's email ID)

Subject: Leave Application for One Day

Dear Sir,

I hope you are well. I am writing this email to inform you that I will not be able to attend school on 10 February 2026 due to fever.

Kindly grant me leave for one day. I will complete my classwork after returning to school.

Thank you for your understanding.

Yours sincerely,

Rohan Mehta

Do as directed 8th standard

 1️⃣ Use “not only … but also”

Rule:

It is used to join two similar ideas.

The structure shows emphasis on both actions/qualities.

Example:

The mist conceals the hills. It blankets them in silence too.

The mist not only conceals the hills but also blankets them in silence.

2️⃣ Change the Voice (Active → Passive)

Rule:

In active voice, the subject does the action.

In passive voice, the action is done to the subject.

Use: am / is / are / was / were + past participle (V³)

Example:

I can hear him running about on the hillside.

He can be heard running about on the hillside.

3️⃣ Use “without”

Rule:

“Without” shows that something happens and another thing does NOT happen.

The verb after “without” is always in -ing form.

Example:

They sometimes contrive to go unnoticed.

They sometimes contrive to go without being noticed.

4️⃣ Turn into Affirmative

Rule:

Remove negative words like not, never, no.

Replace them with a positive meaning.

Example:

It doesn’t keep me from sleeping.

It allows me to sleep.

                 OR

It does not prevent me from sleeping → It lets me sleep.

5️⃣ Turn into a Complex Sentence

Rule:

A complex sentence has:

One main clause

One subordinate clause

Use words like which, that, who, because, when, while.

Example:

Water drips from a leaking drainpipe.

Water drips from a drainpipe which is leaking.

Message writing

 

Example 1: Message for Mother

Mother: Monil, did anyone call while I was out?

Monil: Yes, Mom. Aunt Rina called.

Mother: Oh! What did she say?

Monil: She said she will visit us tomorrow at 11 a.m.

Mother: That’s nice. Did she leave any message for me?

Monil: Yes, Mom. She asked you to call her back.

Mother: Alright, I’ll call her now. Thank you for telling me.

Monil: You’re welcome, Mom.

Situation: Your mother is not at home. Your aunt called.

Message

Date: 7 Feb 2026

Time: 4:30 p.m.

Mom,

Aunt Rina called while you were out. She said she will visit us tomorrow at 11 a.m. She asked you to call her back.

— Monil

Do as Directed std 7 English

 Change the Degree of Comparison

🔹 What is Degree of Comparison?

Adjectives have three degrees:

Positive – simple quality

old, tall, good

Comparative – compares two

 older, taller, better

Superlative – compares more than two

oldest, tallest, best

Example :

What is the oldest living thing in the world? (Change the Degree)

🔹 Changed sentence:

What is older than any other living thing in the world?

Here, superlative (oldest) is changed into comparative (older than any other).

 Meaning remains the same.

More Examples:

Superlative: This is the tallest building in the city.

Comparative: This building is taller than any other building in the city.

Superlative: She is the best student in the class.

Comparative: She is better than any other student in the class.

2️⃣ Turn into a Simple Sentence

What is a Simple Sentence?

A simple sentence has:

only one main clause

no conjunctions like and, because, when

We often use:

-ing form (present participle)

having + verb

🔹 Example:

I jumped into the Great Glass Elevator and rushed all over the world. (Turn into Simple)

🔹 Simple sentence:

Jumping into the Great Glass Elevator, I rushed all over the world.

 “Jumping” is an -ing form

Two actions are combined into one sentence

Meaning stays the same

(3) Turn into Affirmative sentence

🔹 What is an Affirmative sentence?

An affirmative sentence is a positive statement.

When a sentence has no / not / never, we remove the negative word and adjust the meaning.

📘 Example:

It was no more than an ounce or two.

✅ Affirmative:

It was only an ounce or two.

 no more than → only

✨ More Examples:

Negative: He is not a bad boy.

Affirmative: He is a good boy.

Negative: She did not fail the exam.

Affirmative: She passed the exam.

(4) Change the Voice (Passive → Active)

🔹 What is Voice?

Active voice: Subject does the action

Passive voice: Action is done to the subject

📘 Example:

It produced one tiny cupful of black liquid.

(This is already active voice)

Passive:

One tiny cupful of black liquid was produced by it.

✨ More Examples:

Active: She wrote a letter.

Passive: A letter was written by her.

Active: The cat killed the rat.

Passive: The rat was killed by the cat.

(5) Turn into Exclamatory sentence

🔹 What is an Exclamatory sentence?

It shows strong feelings like joy, surprise, excitement.

Starts with What / How and ends with !

📘 Example:

It was fantastic.

✅ Exclamatory:

How fantastic it was!

✨ More Examples:

Statement: She is very clever.

Exclamatory: How clever she is!

Statement: The scene is beautiful.

Exclamatory: What a beautiful scene it is!

(6) Use “when”

🔹 Rule:

Join two actions

Use when to show time

Remove extra words like the moment

📘 Example:

The moment he swallowed it, he began wrinkling and shrivelling up all over.

✅ Using when:

When he swallowed it, he began wrinkling and shrivelling up all over.

✨ More Examples:

He reached home. He started studying.

👉 When he reached home, he started studying.

(7) Use “as soon as”

🔹 Rule:

Shows immediate action

Often replaces and suddenly / immediately

📘 Example :

He swallowed it and suddenly became an old fellow of seventy-five.

✅ Using as soon as:

As soon as he swallowed it, he became an old fellow of seventy-five.

✨ More Examples:

She saw the snake. She ran away.

As soon as she saw the snake, she ran away.

Very Important 

Affirmative → remove no / not and make positive

Voice → object ↔ subject

Exclamatory → How / What + !

When → for time

As soon as → immediate result

7 HoneyComb Dad and the cat and the tree

 Poem: Dad and the cat and the tree

Stanza 1

“This morning a cat got stuck in our tree… Leave it to me.”

Explanation:

The poem begins with a cat that has climbed a tree and cannot come down. Dad confidently says that he will handle the problem. His words show self-confidence and pride, as he believes rescuing the cat is very easy.

Stanza 2

“The tree was wobbly… Mum said, ‘For goodness’ sake don’t fall!’

Explanation:

This stanza tells us that the tree is tall and shaky. Mum is worried and warns Dad not to fall. This shows that the situation is dangerous, unlike what Dad thinks.

Stanza 3

“‘Fall?’ scoffed Dad… ‘Child’s play, this is!’

Explanation:

Dad laughs at Mum’s warning and boasts about his climbing skills. He says the task is very easy for him. This stanza highlights Dad’s overconfidence, which creates humour.

Stanza 4

“He got out the ladder… He landed in the flower bed.”

Explanation:

Dad brings a ladder from the garden shed to climb the tree. However, the ladder slips and Dad falls into the flower bed. This proves that Dad’s confidence was misplaced, and the rescue attempt fails.

Stanza 5 :

“Never mind,” said Dad,

Brushing the dirt

Off his hair and his face

And his trousers and his shirt,

Explanation:

Dad pretends that nothing serious has happened after falling into the flower bed. He dusts off the dirt from his clothes and body. This shows his pride—he does not want to admit failure or accept that he was careless.

Stanza 6

“We’ll try Plan B. Stand

Out of the way!”

Mum said, “Don’t fall

Again, O.K.?”

Explanation:

Dad decides to try another method (Plan B) and asks everyone to move aside. Mum is worried and warns him not to fall again. This shows Mum’s concern and sensible nature, in contrast to Dad’s confidence.

Stanza 7

“Fall again?” said Dad.

“Funny joke!”

Then he swung himself up

On a branch. It broke.

Explanation:

Dad laughs at Mum’s warning and makes fun of it. He climbs onto a tree branch confidently, but the branch breaks. This stanza clearly shows Dad’s overconfidence and foolishness, creating humour.

Stanza 8

Dad landed wallop

Back on the deck.

Mum said, “Stop it,

You’ll break your neck!”

Explanation:

Dad falls heavily onto the wooden deck. Mum scolds him and warns that he may seriously injure himself. This stanza highlights the danger of Dad’s actions and Mum’s fear for his safety.

Stanza 9

“Rubbish!” said Dad.

“Now we’ll try Plan C.

Easy as winking

To a climber like me!”

Explanation:

Dad angrily dismisses Mum’s warning and announces yet another plan (Plan C). He again boasts about his climbing ability. This reinforces the poem’s main idea—excessive confidence leads to repeated failure.

Stanza 10

“Then he climbed up high

On the garden wall.

Guess what?

He didn’t fall!”

Explanation:

The father climbs up the garden wall. Everyone expects him to fall, but surprisingly, he does not fall. This creates suspense and adds humour to the poem.

Stanza 11

“He gave a great leap

And he landed flat

In the crook of the tree-trunk —

Right on the cat!”

Explanation:

The father jumps from the wall and lands in the fork (crook) of a tree. Unfortunately, he lands directly on the cat that was sitting there. This is a funny and unexpected situation.

Stanza 12

“The cat gave a yell

And sprang to the ground,

Pleased as Punch to be

Safe and sound.”

Explanation:

The cat cries out loudly because of the sudden landing. It quickly jumps down to the ground. The cat feels very happy and relieved to escape without getting hurt.

Stanza 13

“So it’s smiling and smirking,

Smug as can be,

But poor old Dad’s

Still

Stuck

Up

The

Tree!”

Explanation:

The cat is now smiling proudly and looks very pleased with itself. However, the father is not so lucky. He is still stuck up in the tree and cannot come down. The po

em ends humorously, showing the contrast between the cat’s clever escape and the father’s awkward situation.

7A Do as Directed

 Chapter 6 English Honeycomb workbook 

(1) He can't be poor if he's a crook on the run.

(Use ‘unless’)

Answer:

He can’t be poor unless he is a crook on the run.

Explanation:

Unless means if not.

“He can’t be poor if…” becomes “He can’t be poor unless…”

The meaning remains the same.

 Similar Sentences:

You cannot enter the room unless you have permission.

She won’t succeed unless she works hard.

(2) Mr Mehta told us he doesn't work anywhere.

(Turn into Affirmative)

 Answer:

Mr Mehta told us that he works nowhere.

 Explanation:

Negative sentence → Affirmative sentence

doesn’t work anywhere → works nowhere

Meaning remains unchanged.

Similar Sentences:

She doesn’t like anything → She likes nothing.

He didn’t say anything → He said nothing.

(3) Seven had been quite upset about Mr Nath's gaunt appearance.

(Turn into Exclamatory)

Answer:

How upset Seven had been about Mr Nath’s gaunt appearance!

 Explanation:

Exclamatory sentences express strong emotion.

Use How / What + subject + verb.

End with an exclamation mark (!).

Similar Sentences:

She was very happy.

 → How happy she was!

The scene was beautiful.

 → What a beautiful scene it was!

(4) Mr Nath pays cash and tips well.

(Use ‘not only… but also’)

Answer:

Mr Nath not only pays cash but also tips well.

Explanation:

Not only… but also is used to add emphasis.

It connects two positive qualities or actions.

 Similar Sentences:

She is not only intelligent but also hardworking.

He not only sang but also danced beautifully.

(5) We'll have to sort out all the facts like expert detectives, so that we can trap the crook.

(Remove ‘so that’)

Answer:

We'll have to sort out all the facts like expert detectives to trap the crook.

 Explanation:

So that shows purpose.

It can be replaced with to + verb for conciseness.

Similar Sentences:

She studies hard so that she can succeed.

 → She studies hard to succeed.

He whispered so that no one could hear.

 → He whispered to avoid being heard.

 Quick Revision Table

Grammar Concept.                     Key Word / Structure

Condition.                                         unless

Negative → Affirmative.                nowhere / nothing

Exclamatory.                                    How / What

Addition & Emphasis.                     not only… but also

Purpose.                                           to + verb(suitable verb like)

Chapter 5 English Honeycomb workbook 

(1) It was not possible to go to him very often.

(Turn into Affirmative)

Answer:

It was impossible to go to him very often.

Meaning:

The sentence says that going to him frequently could not be done.

Example:

It is not possible to finish this work today.

It is impossible to finish this work today.

Rule:

Not possible → Impossible

(2) He spoke long and bitterly.

(Use “Not only … but also”)

Answer:

He spoke not only long but also bitterly.

Meaning:

He spoke for a long time and his words were full of bitterness.

Example:

She is not only intelligent but also hardworking.

He not only sang but also danced.

Rule:

Use not only before the first quality/action and but also before the second.

(3) Those boots were the best he had ever made.

(Change the Degree – Positive Degree)

Answer (Positive Degree):

No other boots he had ever made were as good as those boots.

Meaning:

Among all the boots he had made, these were the finest.

Example:

Superlative: This is the tallest building.

Positive: No other building is as tall as this.

Rule:

Best → No other … as good as

Comparative Degree:

Those boots were better than any other boots he had ever made.

Explanation (short):

best (superlative) → better than any other 

(4) How splendidly the new boots fitted!

(Turn into Assertive)

Answer:

The new boots fitted very splendidly.

Meaning:

The sentence expresses that the new boots fitted extremely well.

Examples:

Exclamatory: How beautifully she sings!

Assertive: She sings very beautifully.

Rule:

Remove How/What, change the structure into a statement, and keep the meaning same.

(5) What could you expect with his ideas?

(Turn into Negative)

Answer:

You could not expect anything with his ideas.

Meaning:

His ideas were not useful, so no good result was expected.

Examples:

Interrogative: What could he do?

Negative: He could not do anything.

Rule:

What → Not … anything

(6) When he got an order, it took him such a time.

(Turn into Simple Sentence)

Answer:

On getting an order, it took him such a time.

Meaning:

Whenever he received an order, he took a long time to complete it.

Examples:

Complex: When she saw the police, she ran away.

Simple: On seeing the police, she ran away.

Rule:

When + subject + verb → On + verb-ing

(7) He put his hand down and pressed a finger on the place.

(Turn into Simple Sentence)

Answer:

Putting his hand down, he pressed a finger on the place.

Meaning:

He lowered his hand and pressed his finger at that spot.

Examples:

Compound: She opened the door and entered the room.

Simple: Opening the door, she entered the room.

Rule:

Combine actions using verb-ing to make one simple sentence.

Picture Description Activity

 Picture Description Activity 

Describing pictures | PPT https://share.google/UVWMrmsMNZyH8qlFP

Disaster ch-13

 5. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences:

(1) By what name is a disaster commonly known as? Disasters are also commonly known as a calamity or catastrophe.

(2) Which are man-made disasters? Man-made disasters is Fire, Industrial Accidents, Bomb-Blast, and Riots.

(3) Name any four natural disasters. Volcano,Flood, Drought,Forest-fire.

4) Which natural disasters can be forecast? Forecast of floods, tsunami, hurricane and drought is possible.

(5) Which natural disasters cannot be forecast? Earthquake, volcano, and forest fire.

(6) What is an earthquake? OR What is called an earthquake? Generally, vibrations experienced on the earth's surface is called earthquake.

(7) What is meant by a cyclone? Cyclone means Enormous atmospheric storms arise from the condition of an Imbalance in the atmosphere air pressure.

8) Due to what does a cyclone occur? Due to the conditions Imbalance in the atmospheric air pressure occurs cyclone.

(9) What is a Tsunami? OR What is called a Tsunami? Tsunami is a catastrophic wave caused by an earthquake or sea or volcanic eruption at the bottom of the ocean or by a large-scale landslide in the ocean is called a Tsunami.

(10) Which factors are responsible for floods to occur? Man-made constructions that are made. made by neglecting natural slopes, obstruction of natural drainage, is also responsible for flood.

(11) What is called a drought? Drought is a natural disaster that is destructive and leaves its bad effects for a long time.

(12) On whom are the worst effects of a disaster seen? The impact of disaster is seen more or on the poor people and needy people.

(13) How many types of traffic signs are there? Name them. There are three types of traffic signs. They are:1.Mandatory Signs, 2. Cautionary (Warning) Signs, 3.Informatory Signs

(1) What precautions should be taken during the earthquake?

If you are in a school, sit under a bench in the classroom. (2) Stay away from the electric poles and wires. (3) Listen to the news on local radio station or television for guidance. (4) Do not be scared. Do not be panicky and run. (5) Do not use the elevators to come down in a multi-storeyed building.

(2) What should be done during a cyclone?

(1) On receiving the warning of a cyclone, close all doors and windows of the house.(2) If you are in the school, do not come out of the class. (3) If you are inside a vehicle, park the vehicle away from the electric poles, tree, seashore, etc. and remain inside the vehicle only. (4) If you have taken shelter in a shelter house of a government or a non-government organization, then abide by the instructions of the managers strictly. (5) Animals should be released from their pegs (hooks); if the animals are free then they can save themselves. (6) Stand away from the electric poles, large trees, buildings, hoardings of advertisements.