Greek and Shakespearean Tragedy

Paper No. - 1

Renaissance literature 

Name :- Dharti makwana 

Batch :- 2019-2021

Semester :- M.A. Sem-1

Roll No. :- 7

Enrollment No. :- 2069108420200024 

Submitted  :- Smt. S.B. Gardi Department of English, M.K.Bhavnagar University 

Email :- dharteemakwana789@gmail.com 

Paper No. :- Renaissance Literature

Topic :- Greek and Shakespearean Tragedy

■ Greek and Shakespearean Tragedy 

The word 'Tragedy' uses to describe the tragic phenomenal and when any drama has a tragic end at that time also it appear as tragedy and the many protagonists suffer a lot end dies at the end of the drama then drama called 'Tragedy'.

Although, always the discussion of the tragedy started with the idea or the definition of the tragedy and it was defined as a proper serious and the complete action that happened in drama with specific length. There are some rules that followed in tragedy.  The express with the beautiful dialogue that represent the characters personality and nature then that written in acts and also not narrated by characters but it performed in act. It gives pity and fear, catharsis, purgation and purification that all are elements provide light to tragedy.

 Tragedy is a form of literature and it is found in the play so it is an art of telling story. The plot is a soul of tragedy and find man's life on the earth.  How is it going on with pity suffering and happiness in the tragedy the life of human being depicts some idea about true picture of human beings through tragic dramatic actions. 

If it perform on the stage that should have artistic duty which reflect through  the dramatist. Tragedy employes the idea of nobility which particular instrument of relief.  whether tragedy have an impression of particular scene that always ends with unhappy scene. The tragic hero who has extraordinary nature and has not a Supernatural and superpower character only because of that leads to a tragic end. He represents the tragic phenomenon and human nature that reflect in society. 

What is tragedy

"A Play dealing with tragic events and having an unhappy ending,  especially one concerning the downfall of the main character."

In Aristotle's poetic tragedy has been uses with distinct genre. It has a serious action and limitation of length and beautiful way of direction with emotions and danger pity also are involved in Play. 

Types of tragedy

Here are given the types of tragedy are different from one and another that differentiated the main concept of the play and some phenomenon and actions are used in a different way that make innovative play. So the play quite something that probably differentiate the humour satire in grammatical way that we find in various kind of way. The rules and instructions of play that always change with the time because it depends upon the changes in the society. The types of treasury As given below

Greek tragedy 

Greek tragedy also called ancient tragedy.In we find the from the modern tragedy because its follow the classical rules.

Definition of Tragedy 

" no one is quite sure where the concept of geometric treasury first Karen from but it probably had something to do with ancient Greek celebrations in honor of Dionysius  and goats, hence why it's usually known as Greek tragedy"

Greek tragedy mostly began with a  Prologue, where a scenes and corals used to make comment on the Play. The Coral made with a group of people

Origin of Greek Tragedy 

In Greek tragedy developed from the ancient or a choral lyrics, which was sung by male chorus in honor of God and performance in the group dance and some brief dialogues. It had formal artistic way to expand the legendary tradition and corners along small complicated stories.

Plot

The story revolves with almost mythology and occasionally in 'The Persians of Aeschylus'. It draws upon contemporary theme. Ancient myths and legends come from Bible spectacle aware about story the purpose of to express the meaning of life. Even today it makes an impression on drama. 

The chorus 

The chorus has main and Central place in the drama at classical time. It is not possible to perform without chorus, performance is ideals with spectator and clarifies the idea of character in the suppliers of Aeschylus. 

The chorus was itself in the main figure how it creates psychological and emotional background establish the significance of individual lives for that perform in dramatic rain and also chorus is an important part of drama.

 It plays the role between the specific event and also the end of the action.It filled the blank between two scenes and the action.

 Greek tragedy chorus played Vital role and various kind of roles because it performed in typical kind of performance with themes in the 15th century. Divided into semi chorus and it just not only perform but with performance. It obtain the group song sometimes it also make small comments and give charm to the play.

Structure 

The structure composed in within the Framework it occasionally and traditionally performed without breaking the main events or elements of Greek tragedy. Their Is role of structure is important because without well structured any play never make any sense.

 In structure included so many elements like Prologue, paradox, Episode, stasimon, Exodos it should be in the play if it is not in the tragedy than not good tragedy. That is given below

Elements of Greek Tragedy

Prologue	It comes in the opening scene of the play and it describes the background of the story by one or two actors.
Paradox	It about the chorus, it plays the stenting lyrics that connected with the main theme of play.
Episode	The play divided in act or episode on the place of actor, perform minor or major.
Stasimon	It is odd it comes at the end of episode, measured between these two elements.
Exodos	It called last and final action it end with the all the players with ceremonial exist.

The Mask

The role of masks in Greek tragedy it is huge  and powerful. Make a powerful and spiritual to obtain the real attitude of character mask uses in the performance of characters like a woman, God, ghosts, animals, great kings and evil spirit etc. In theatre all individual mass and all the action and performance that connected with the mask some specific idea that derived in tragedy through mask.

Shakespearean Tragedy

When the discussion on tragedy is going on at that time, we have the question what is shakespearean tragedy?  so, to understand the shakespearean tragedy we have to focus on features of various play by Shakespeare and the main concept of tragedy.

 Shakespearean tragedy is different from the Greek tragedy because Shakespeare never follow the Greek rules he wrote in his own way first of all we have to know about Shakespeare because he was prominent literary figure of Renaissance time so obviously it makes an impact on his work the term of shakespearean tragedy. It is marked by Shakespeare himself. It is a different style in writing that that make different impact from other play that distinguish the idea of Greek tragedy.

Definition 

The  element and definition of shakespearean tragedy below

"A tragedy is the imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude,complete in itself; in appropriate and pleasurable language; in a dramatic rather than narrative form; with incidents arousing pity and fear, where with to accomplish a catharsis of these emotions."

Shakespearean tragedy it is some specific elements like in work the main protagonist live his life with sadness and at the ending. Hero maybe dies and suffers a lot and emotionally destroyed and also all the additional elements are included in character of protagonist. 

So, let's discuss some of  the elements of shakespearean tragedy as well as how it explore with different identities.

The Tragic hero 

In tragedy of Shakespeare that we find the hero who has a tragic end. it is a significant character and the hero of the play called tragic hero also sometimes belongs to the lower class family and not any Prince for king. In the tragedy the main protagonist maybe female or a male and there were suffer a lot because of his downfall and meaningless decisions.

The important feature of tragedy in he or she connected with the kingdom and he or she tries to get power and royalty main critical situation.

The mainly found tragic Hero are king Prince princess and military general that subject usually found in Shakespeare's tragedy. The tragic flaw of the character started because of his ambition and when he goes beyond human capability. Some examples of tragic Hero like Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear, Romeo etc.

Good vs Evil

The good versus Evil this idea mostly found in Shakespeare's tragedy the main character or some other mind and character also suffer a lot and deals with the evil spirit and also Shakespeare tries to put the evil spirit and spirituality in existence. Always good defeats the bad evil spirit and goodness always overcome evil spirit in  the play Hamlet where the character of King Hamlet as a ghost that represent the existence of evil spirit in the tragedy.

Hamartia 

The word hemisphere is come from the Greek word scene for error that we mostly found in the Tragedy of Shakespeare it is comes only because of the downfall of tragic Hero and some extensions represent of protagonist absolutely element of shakespearean tragedy clips the main character to the death and down fall

Conflict 

The conflict mostly be fine in the play of Shakespeare because there were we find the two types of conflict  first external conflict and internal conflict, external conflict through raised internal conflict. In Hamlet these two types of conflict take place when Hamlet tries to kill his uncle Claudius but because of circumstances though he has not been able to do and what is going on in his mind that is not able to put in action so that at the moment eternal conflict raised.

Catharsis 

Catharsis is prominent prominent feature of Shakespeare's tragedy because it is used to cleansing emotions of audience. True catharsis purification and propagation that happened and sometimes it and Fiat come outs because of some tragic actions and audience find Main character.

Conclusion 

In short, the tragedy is the form of literature so it  define the two types of tragedy Greek and shakespearean tragedy both are different from the one in another . so many phenomenon and literary features that define the different kinds of human nature and ideas that present in the tragedy. 

which we find in a Greek tragedy and shakespearean tragedy but some kind of element that differentiated the tragedy. After the long this question we find the difference between British and shakespearean tragedy. There were so many elements like catharsis and hamartia that we find in a shakespearean tragedy and also in Shakespeare's tragedy there were no use of three unities of like Unity of action, Unity of time and Unity of place.